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A Muqam (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇرمۇقامى, Муқам; Chinese: 木卡姆) is the melody type used in the music of Uyghur people, that is, a musical mode and set of melodic formulas used to guide improvisation and composition.
Each of the 12 muqams consists of a main section that begins with a long free rhythm introduction, followed by pieces with characteristic rhythmic patterns that gradually increase in speed. Each muqam consists of three parts, including naghma, dastan and mashrap.
he concubine Amannisahan of the Yerkend kingdom (1526-1560) is credited with collecting and thereby preserving the Twelve Muqam, while reshaping its style to draw more from the indigenous traditions of the Uyghur people.
In 2005, UNESCO designated The Uyghur Muqam as part of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity.